跟踪
什么是跟踪?
跟踪是一种犯罪. The US Justice Department defines stalking as engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to fear for safety or the safety of others, or suffer substantial emotional distress1. For the purposes of this definition:
- 行为准则指两个或两个以上的行为, 包括, 但不限于, acts in which the stalker directly, 间接, 或者通过第三方, 通过任何行动, 方法, 设备, 或者意味着, 遵循, 监控, 观察, 监视, 威胁, or communicates to or about a person, or interferes with a person’s property
- 合理的人means a reasonable person under similar circumstances and with similar identities to the victim
- Substantial emotional distressmeans significant mental suffering or anguish that may, 但不一定, require medical or other professional treatment or counseling
Stalkers often try to intimidate, harass, and control their victims. They may do this in several ways. The behavior may start slowly and escalate. 例如, a stalker may begin by calling once or twice a day and progress to calling several times a day, 后你, and waiting for you outside of classes or work.
Anyone can stalk or be stalked, 不分种族, 种族, 性取向, 性别, 能力, 或者收入水平. 跟踪 may involve family members, 朋友, 亲密的合作伙伴, 同学们, 同事, 随意的熟人, 甚至是完全陌生的人.
Most often, stalkers know their victims. Most female victims and many male victims are stalked by 亲密的合作伙伴. 跟踪 is most dangerous when it occurs as part of an abusive relationship. An attempt to end an abusive relationship often causes the abuser to become more possessive and can sometimes lead to stalking.
在线跟踪
Cyber stalking is the use of the Internet, 电子邮件, or other telecommunication technologies to harass, 威胁, 或者恐吓他人. It is an extension of stalking from physical space to cyberspace.
A cyber stalker is someone who 方法ically, 故意, and persistently sends unwanted communications that do not stop even after the victim has requested that he or she end all contact with the victim. Cyber stalking may take many different forms. 网络跟踪者可能:
- Use the Internet to identify and track the victim
- Send unsolicited 电子邮件, 包括 hate mail or obscene or 威胁ing messages
- Post messages about the victim or spread rumors about the victim through newsgroups
- Create websites that provide real or false personal information about the victim
- Assume the victim’s identity online (i.e., 在聊天室里, 即时消息, or 电子邮件) to embarrass the victim, to pry into the victim’s personal life, or for other negative purposes
跟踪统计数字2
- During a 12-month period an estimated 14 in every 1,000 persons age 18 or older were victims of stalking
- About half (46%) of stalking victims experienced at least one unwanted contact per week, and 11% of victims said they had been stalked for 5 years or more
- The risk of stalking victimization was highest for individuals who were divorced or separated—34 per 1,000人
- Women were at greater risk than men for stalking victimization
- Approximately 1 in 4 stalking victims reported some form of cyberstalking such as e-mail (83%) or instant messaging (35%)
- 46% of stalking victims felt fear of not knowing what would happen next
- Nearly 3 in 4 stalking victims knew their offender in some capacity
- More than half of stalking victims lost 5 or more days from work due to issues related to the stalking
If you have been 威胁ed or are in immediate danger, call 911.
More information can be found at victimsofcrime.org
Campus information regarding cyberstalking can be found at 资讯保安办事处
1Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women
2 司法统计局